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一.动词短语小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:
give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:
listen of 听 look at 看
belong to
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:
come up with 提出,想出
run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:
take part in参加
catch hold of 抓住
二、常考动词短语
1.cheer (sb.) up
使(某人)高兴、振作如:
cheer me up 使我高兴
clean up 打扫
clean-up n. 打扫
2. homeless adj.
无家可归的
a homeless boy
一个无家可归的男孩
home n. 家
3. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的
disable v. 不能
4. sick adj. 生病的
作表语、定语
ill adj. 生病的
作表语,不能作定语
5. volunteer to do
v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献
volunteer n. 志愿者
6. come up with
=think up 提出想出
catch up with 赶上追上
7. put off doing 推迟做某事
put on 穿上 (指过程)
put up 张贴
8. write down 写下 记下
9. call up
打电话
make a telephone call
10. set up
成立建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。
11.
each
每个各自的强调第一个人或事物的个别情况常与of 连用
every
每个每一个的一切的则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
12. put …to use
把… 投入使用,利用
They put the new machine to use.
他们把新机器投入使用
13.
help sb. (to) do
帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth.
帮助某人做某事
help him with English
help do 帮助做某事
help study
14. plan to do 计划做某事
plan + 从句
I plan to go to Beijing.
= I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.
我计划去北京。
15. spend … doing 花费…做…
I spent a day visiting Beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在…
I spent 3 years on English
16. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织)
如:join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动)
如 take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
17. run out 与 run out of
①run out (become used up).
其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out.
他的钱很快就花光了。
Our time is running out.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
②run out of
主语为人,表示主动含义
He is always running out of money before pay day.
他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如:The petrol is running out.
汽油快用完了
= We are running out of petrol.
我们快把汽油用完了。
Our time is running out.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
= We are running out of time
18. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be similar to 与..相像
take after 相像
look after 照顾
take care of 照顾
19. work out v. + adj.
①结局,结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.
他提出的这个策略效果很好。
②算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等)
Henever seems to be worked out.
他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
Heworked out a plan.
他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses.
我已经算出了我们总的费用。
20. hang out 闲荡闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends.
我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
21. be able to do 能会
be unable to do 不能不会
22. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事
如:
thank you for helping me
谢谢做帮助我
23. for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure.
你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。
24. fill… with…
使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water.
她用水填满碗。
25.
(1)hand out 分发
hand out bananas
(2)give out 分发
give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
(3) give up doing 放弃…
give up smoking 放弃吸烟
(4) give away 赠送捐赠
give away sth. to ….
give away money to kids
(5)give sb. sth. 给某人某东西
give me money 给我钱
(6) give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西
give money to me 给我线
26. help sb. out
帮助…做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem.
我不能算出这道数学问题,
Please help me out.
请你帮我解决。
27. train n. 火车
train v. 训练
train sb. to do.
训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things.
她训练她的狗去取东西。
28. at once = right away
立刻马上如:
Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
29. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)
some day 有一天(指将来) 如:
One day I went to Beijing.
有一天我去了北京。
Someday I’ll go to Beijing.
有一天我将去北京。
30. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的
disable v. 不能
三、考点
1. sick 生病的,有病的;可在句中作表语
Mary could not come because she is sick.
也可作定语asick child
【区别ill】ill与sick同义;
但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。
Mary could not come because she is ill.
2. cheer (sb.) up
(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来
The good news cheered up everyone in ourclass.
3. give out
分发;散发,
相当于hand out,
The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.
give sth. out to sb.
意为把某物分发给某人 。
4. volunteer
【名词】志愿者
【动词】义务做,自愿做(某事)
volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事,
The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.
5. used to do sth.
过去/曾经(常)做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。
There used to be a cinema here.
这里曾有一个照相机
They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。
6.alone
【形容词】独自一人的,无感情色彩:
The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.
lonely
(感到)孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩,可做表语或定语。
The lonely boy is not lonely now.
7. care for sb./sth.照顾;照料……
care
【名词】小心,关心
take care of=look after
【动词】care about sb./sth.
关心,在意某人/事
【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的
【副词】carefully 仔细地
8. such “这样的,这种,如此”,用于修饰名词
such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词:
such a good day
多么美好的一天
such an exciting match
多么 精彩的比赛
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词:
such important decisions
多么重要的建议
such delicious food
多么美味的食物
【注】
如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用so,而不用such:so many sick children/ so little time
9. try out for…参加…选拔,争取成为…
Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.
try out试用,试验
10.
journey
【名词】(尤指长途)旅行,行程;
trip
【名词】多指短途旅行;
travel
【名词、动词】travel around the world
【名词】traveler旅行者
11.【复习】
be busy with sth. 忙于(做)什么事情
be busy doing sth. 忙于(做)什么事情
12.【复习】
try doing sth.
试着去做某事
try to do sth.
尽力去做某事
try one’s best (to do sth.)
尽某人最大的努力去做某事
13.【复习】
be worried about sb./ sth.
= worry about sb./sth.
担心某人、某事
14. raise money集资,筹钱;
raise money for…为……筹钱
raise【动词】
举起;提高;募集
15. keep【动词】
keep+名词,保留(某物);
keep+形容词,保持
16.【形容词】broken破损的,出毛病的;
blind瞎的,失明的;deaf聋的;disabled有残疾的,丧失能力的;
在句中做定语和表语。
17.
make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.
使(某人)做某事成为可能,
You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth.
使(某人)做某事成为…;
think/find it +形容词to do sth.
18. makea difference to
…对……有影响;对……有作用
difference前可以用no,any, some, much等修饰,
如
The rain made no difference to thegame.
Hard-working makes much differenceto study.
19. difficulty
【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数;
表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数;
have difficulty (in) doing sth.=have trouble (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难
20. train【动词】训练,trained为过去分词,可做定语,意为“受过训练的”a trained dog
21. be excited about sth.
对某事感到兴奋 ,
Everyone is excited about the good news.
【复习】
excited意为 兴奋的,修饰人;
exciting意为 令人兴奋/激动的,修饰物。
22. order
【名词】命令,指示;顺序,次序
【动词】订购;点(菜)
follow the order。
23. change
【动词】变化,改变It’s hard for a person to change his life(style).
【名词】变化;零钱
change A for B用A换成B:
When you travel in China, rememberto change US dollars for RMB.
24. repair 【动词】修理,修补;
fix【动词】安装;使固定
【fix up修理=repair】
四。重点句子
1.We can’t put off making a plan.Clean-up Day is only two weeks from
now.
我们不能推迟制订计划,清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2.She puts this love to good use byworking in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school.
她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作,使这个爱好得到较好的利用
3.Not only do I feel good abouthelping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.
帮助别人不但自己感到快乐,而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。
4.The three students plan to set upa student volunteer project at heir school.
这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。
5.He also put up some sign asking for oldbikes.
他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。
6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.
他想出的这个办法很效。
8.We need to come up with a plan.
我们需要指定一个计划。
9.You could help clean up the cityparks.
你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
10.He now has sixteen bikes to fix upand give away to children who
don’t have bikes.
他现在有16辆要修理的自行车,并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。